Pheasants, beautiful wild birds mainly found in South East Asia, have about 51 known varieties globally. In Nepal, notable species include the Blood pheasant, Cheer pheasant, Satyr pheasant, Kalij, Koklass Pheasant, and the Himalayan Monal (Danfe), which is the national bird of Nepal. Hunting and poaching of wild pheasants are illegal, and conservation efforts are mandated by the 'National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act-1973.'
The introduction of pheasants to Europe dates back to around 2000 years ago, brought by Greek people from China. Commercialization began in the 19th century, with the common pheasant imported to Europe in 1768 AD. Pheasants were initially used for gaming and later transported to North America.
Pheasant farming was introduced in Nepal in 2072 BS. Pheasant eggs were brought from Belgium, leading to the establishment of commercial farms across the country. Licensing from the Nepal Government is required for such farms.
The author argues that if farming is done sustainably, maintaining ecological balance, African catfish farming can benefit Nepali farmers. Government policies should focus on modern and eco-friendly farming practices.
In Nepal, Ring Neck pheasants and Melanistic Mutant pheasants are primarily reared. The total population is around 10,000-15,000 in 2019-2020AD, projected to increase to 40,000-50,000 next year. Pheasant meat, high in protein and low in fat, has a growing market in hotels and restaurants. Despite being widely used as game birds in Europe and North America, such activities are not feasible in Nepal. However, there is potential for meat products and feathers in the garment industry. Government support through subsidies and insurance policies can encourage pheasant farming as a promising platform alongside the poultry market in Nepal.